How x402 is Building the 'Wallet' for the AI Web

How x402 is Building the “Wallet” for the AI Web

For thirty years, the internet has had a bug. It wasn’t a code error or a security vulnerability, but a missing piece of the foundation. In 1994, the architects of the web created a status code—HTTP 402 Payment Required—but they never finished building the technology to make it work.

Without a native way to send money over the internet, we built a web fueled by ads and data tracking. This worked for humans, but a new actor is entering the chat: Artificial Intelligence.

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Black Friday and Stablecoin Depeg

Crypto’s “Black Friday” Crash: A Simple Guide to What Really Happened

You might have heard the news on October 11, 2025: crypto markets went into a total meltdown. Prices for Bitcoin and other coins plummeted, and over a million people had their accounts wiped out in a matter of hours. It was dubbed crypto’s “Black Friday.”

But this wasn’t just a random price drop. It was a massive, fragile system breaking all at once. Think of it like a tower of Jenga blocks, where someone pulled the wrong piece at the bottom. This post will break down, in simple terms, why that tower fell and why the world’s biggest crypto exchange, Binance, was at the very center of the earthquake.

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Ethereum Layer 2 winner: Arbitrum

Arbitrum

Why Arbitrum Dominates Ethereum’s Layer 2 with Record Transaction Volume

In the competitive landscape of Ethereum scaling solutions, one Layer 2 has unequivocally pulled ahead of the pack. Arbitrum not only commands the largest market share but also processes more transactions than any other L2, a testament to its superior architecture and forward-thinking vision. With a staggering 40.88% of the L2 market, over $20 billion in Total Value Locked (TVL), and an average of 3.01 million daily transactions, Arbitrum isn’t just winning; it’s setting the standard.

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Comparative Analysis of Gemini CLI and Claude Code: Features, Capabilities, and Privacy Considerations Across Service Tiers

The Age of Autonomous AI

A new paradigm is emerging. Agentic AI systems are not just tools; they are autonomous operators that can reason, adapt, and act without direct human command. This infographic explores the technology that is poised to become a transformative force across all industries.

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The Cyberattack on Nobitex: A Strategic Strike in the Israel-Iran Digital Conflict

I. Executive Summary

On June 18, 2025, Nobitex, Iran’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, became the target of a significant cyberattack claimed by “Gonjeshke Darande,” also known as “Predatory Sparrow,” a hacking group widely associated with Israel. The incident resulted in a reported loss exceeding $48 million in Tether (USDT) from Nobitex’s hot wallets. Following the breach, Gonjeshke Darande issued a public warning, threatening to release Nobitex’s source code and internal network information within 24 hours, cautioning that any remaining assets on the platform would be at risk.

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Chihuahua Stealer: An Emerging.NET Infostealer Targeting Browser and Wallet Data

1. Executive Summary

Chihuahua Stealer, a.NET-based information-stealing malware, emerged in April 2025, posing a significant threat through its targeted attacks on browser credentials and cryptocurrency wallet data. This malware, also identified under the alias “Pupkin Stealer” 2, exhibits characteristics that suggest links to a Russian-speaking developer known as “Ardent”. A peculiar trait is the embedding of transliterated Russian rap lyrics within its code, which are displayed on the console during execution, serving as a potential cultural signature of its author. The relatively swift identification of Chihuahua Stealer as Pupkin Stealer by different security vendors, such as G DATA and CyFirma 2, points towards a responsive, albeit sometimes fragmented, threat intelligence sharing ecosystem. This collaborative environment, where malware samples and signatures are disseminated, allows for quicker consolidation of knowledge and the development of defensive strategies, even if initial naming conventions differ.

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Pectra's EIP-7702: Redefining Trust Assumptions in Ethereum's Ecosystem

Pectra’s EIP-7702: Redefining Trust Assumptions in Ethereum’s Ecosystem

Ethereum’s upcoming Pectra upgrade introduces EIP-7702, a groundbreaking proposal that fundamentally transforms how we understand Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs) and their capabilities. This upgrade represents the most significant change to Ethereum’s account architecture since the Merge, enabling standard EOAs to temporarily behave like smart contract wallets without compromising self-custody or security. The innovation effectively “redefines trust” by challenging longstanding assumptions about account behavior while introducing powerful new capabilities that bridge the gap between traditional EOAs and smart contract wallets.

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ZKsync Security Breach

ZKsync Security Breach: Analysis of the $5 Million Token Theft

On April 15, 2025, ZKsync, a prominent Ethereum layer-2 scaling solution, suffered a significant security breach when hackers compromised an administrative wallet and minted unauthorized tokens worth approximately $5 million. The incident specifically targeted unclaimed airdrop tokens, resulting in market volatility and raising questions about security practices within the protocol. This report examines the breach details, ZKsync’s response, market impact, and broader security implications for the cryptocurrency ecosystem.

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KiloEx DEX $7.5 Million Security Breach

KiloEx DEX $7.5 Million Security Breach: Analysis and Mitigation Strategies for Similar Platforms

The recent KiloEx decentralized exchange (DEX) exploit represents a significant security incident in the decentralized finance ecosystem, highlighting the ongoing vulnerabilities that plague even backed and established platforms. This security breach, which resulted in the theft of $7.5 million through price oracle manipulation, offers critical lessons for similar companies operating in the DeFi space.

The KiloEx Security Breach: Timeline and Technical Details

On April 14, 2025, KiloEx, a decentralized perpetuals trading platform, fell victim to a sophisticated cross-chain attack that targeted multiple blockchain networks simultaneously. The security breach was first detected by blockchain security platform Cyvers Alerts at 7:30 PM UTC, with the exchange officially confirming the incident the following day. The attack resulted in the theft of approximately $7.5 million distributed across multiple blockchains: $3.3 million from Base, $3.1 million from opBNB, and $1 million from the BNB Chain (BSC).

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Bybit hack, $1.4 billion in ETH

The Bybit Exchange Hack of February 2025: A Comprehensive Analysis

In February 2025, cryptocurrency exchange Bybit suffered what has become the largest digital heist in cryptocurrency history, with losses totaling approximately $1.5 billion. This sophisticated attack, attributed to North Korean state actors, exposed critical vulnerabilities in multi-signature wallet systems and highlighted the evolving nature of threats in the cryptocurrency space. The incident involved a complex chain of events including the compromise of a developer’s machine, manipulation of transaction interfaces, and rapid laundering of stolen funds.

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